Ultrasonic Flaw Detectors

Ultrasonic flaw detectors use high-frequency sound waves ($>20\text{ kHz}$) to perform non-destructive testing (NDT), detecting internal flaws like cracks, voids, and inclusions in materials such as metals, plastics, and composites. They work by transmitting an ultrasonic pulse into the test piece and analyzing the reflected signal (echo) to pinpoint the size and location of discontinuities